Flanged axe B13373

Small flanged axe with curved, semicircular blade and flat nbutt. There are low ribs from the blade to the neck. Some dark brown patina remains and there is some corrosion. Langquaid type (Vandkilde’s type B4). Length: 12 cm. Width: c. 5.2 cm across the blade. Photo: Svein Skare © University Museum in Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Context:
Found in 1982, under excavation of foundations for a wall. The axe was found approximately 20-30 cm deep underground. A subsequent excavation indicated that the axe must have been laid down near bedrock. A sword (B11599) and a flanged ax (B12125) have been found on the farm, but not in the same area.

Location:
Blindheim (no. 17/371), Ålesund, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
Axes of this type are dated to the Early Bronze Age period 1b.

Flanged axe B12125

Photo: Svein Skare © Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Small flanged axe with curved, semicircular blade and flat neck. There are low moldings from the blade to the neck; there is some damage to the lists. The metal is corroded, with the remains of a dark green patina. Langquaid type (Vandkilde’s type B4). Length: c.9.9 cm. Width: c. 4.9 cm across the blade.

Context:
Found in the same area as B11599, sword of the Hadjusamson type, in the 1930s or 40s. The area was originally rocky, and the ax was possibly laid down on or by an outcrop. It is possible that B12125 and B11599 were deposited together, but this cannot be determined, as there was some distance between the two objects. In 1982, another edged ax was found on the farm, but not in the same area (B13373).

Location:
Blindheim (gnr. 17/1), Ålesund, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
Axes of this type are dated to the Early Bronze Age period 1b.

Socketed axe B12124

Foto: Svein Skare © Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Socketed axe with extended neck and loop. It has no internal haft support, and it has a hexagonal cross-section. Axes of this type are decorated with a characteristic set of horizontal and vertical ribs: three transverse ribs next to the loop, crossed by three vertical ribs. The decoration is rather faint. The loop is only partially cast, and there is a small hole in the metal below the loop, where the metal is thin. There are also bubbles in the metal on one side. The socket is partially damaged. The axe is green and corroded. Baudou’s type B1b, the Norwegian variant. Length: c. 8.5 cm. Width: c. 4.7 cm across edge

Context:
Found about 20 cm deep at the edge of a bog, on gravel covered with soil. It was found in the 1950s on an old path that went around the marsh, approx. 15 m.a.s.l. The place is known as «Nordavindsholo».

Location:
Øvre Berge (gnr. 30/2), Herøy, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
Axes of this type are generally dated to the Younger Bronze Age period 5-6.

 

Socketed axe B12099

Photo: Svein Skare © Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Small socketed axe without a loop. The axe is waisted and has a slightly curved edge. It has internal haft support. The socket is partial and it looks like there was not enough metal when the axe was cast. There are three transverse ribs, one marking the mouth of the socket and two below. Four vertical ribs run in pairs from the lowest transverse rib, and diverge towards the corners of the edge; the two inner ribs are shorter than the outer ones and come to an end c. 1.5 cm above the edge. Golden-brown patina. Parallels: Montelius Minnen fig. 1180 has similar ribs in pairs. Length: c. 5.6 cm. Width: c.3.7 cm across edge

Context:
Found in 1964 in a bog, about 1.5 m deep, and 50 m from land. According to one report, there was charcoal and burnt stone, and a layer of black soil containing charcoal in the area. There used to be a river and mill nearby.

Location:
Noggva (no. 6/11), Haram, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
The axe is dated to period 5-6

Sword B11599

Incomplete sword with socketed hilt,. The lower part of the blade is missing; the remaining blade was broken in two and is glued together. There is a small fragment of the lower part of the blade, near the point. There is some damage to the edges of the blade, and the hilt is severely corroded. The blade is ogival with midrib; the shoulders are convex and semi-circular. The hilt consists of an oval hollow-cast tube and narrow plate attached to the blade with two rivets. Between the rivets there are four fake rivets. There is a rivet inside the socket. The socket and blade are decorated: the socket has three sets of horizontal lines and a faint outline of triangles below the mouth of the socket and between the line bundles. The blade has three striated triangles below the two central fake rivets, and four line bundles run from the shoulders and down the blade. The outer line bundles consist of six lines and flank first the inner line bundles and then the midrib, finally converging at the section where the blade is broken. The inner line bundles consist of four lines and flank the midrib and converge about 13 cm down the blade. Hadju-sámson type. Parallels: a sword from Roum, Jutland and the sword from Nebra (Engedal 2010). Length: 36.9 cm. Width: 8.9 cm across shoulders.

Context:
Found during road construction. The finder had dug a ditch and noticed a branch-like object jutting out from the side of the ditch. It broke when he hit it with the spade, and he noticed that the fracture was golden. He subsequently pulled out the object and realised that it was a sword. The spot was covered up, including fragments of the sword. Later, the area was further disturbed by road building. The exact position is not known, but according to reports at the time it might have been next to a rock, or on a ledge in the rock, on a steep rocky slope. The area was excavated in 1969, without any finds. The missing fragments of the sword were not found. Two flanged axes have been found on the farm, B12125 and B13373.

Location:
Blindheim (gnr. 17/1), Ålesund, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
Swords of this type are rare, only four parallels are known, and they are dated to the Early Bronze Age period 1. The sword can thus be dated to period 1.

 

Sword B11333

Tanged sword with rounded midrib, broken in two below the shoulders; the fragments are glued together. The tang is relatively short, the shoulders are sharp, and the blade is straight, but tapers slightly towards the tip, which is missing. This is a recent injury as the fracture is not patinated. There is some damage to the blade: the blade is bent and uneven around the break, which may be post-closure, although there is a large notch on the edge near the break, which was deposited before closure. There are also marks further down the blade, and a corresponding notch on the edge. The patina is mainly a reddish brown and green; there is some corrosion. Length: 66.6 cm. Width: 4 cm at the shoulders, 2 cm near the tip. Photo: Svein Skare

Context:
Found under a large rock on a rocky, gravelly slope or escarpment on Ulsteinhetta, near the southern edge of a ridge known as Ormehalsen. The location is approximately 50 m above a flat area. It was discovered when a smaller stone was removed.

Location:
Stadsnes (gnr. 5/14), Ulstein, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
The outline and the short tang indicate dating to a Younger Bronze Age period 5 (Baudou 1960).

 

Mould for socketed axe B9419

One half of a soapstone mold. The hollow is for a small axe without a loop, with waist sides and a slightly curved edge. There are two transverse ribs; the upper ends at the sides and curls towards the center of the blade. Note: as the mold is kept at Sunnmøre Museum, this description is based on photographs. Length: 7.2 cm

Context:
Found near the road during excavation. No other information.

Location:
Lillebø (gnr. 73/1), Vanylven, Møre and Romsdal

Date:
Younger Bronze Age period 5-6

Socketed axe B9315

Photo: Svein Skare © Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Socketed axe without handle, incomplete. The base is missing due to a casting error: there was not enough metal. The blade has a hexagonal cross-section and no internal shaft support. The axe is curved in and the edge is convex. The surface is rough and does not appear to have been polished; it is green with some darker areas, and there are signs that the edge has become sharper in modern times. The blade is decorated: three vertical ribs run down the blade; the left and right ribs go down to the edge while the middle rib stops about halfway down the blade. This suggests that the axe is either of the Mälar type or the Norwegian variety, probably the latter. Length: 7.5 cm. Width: 5 cm above the edge.

Context:
Found at the bottom of a bog at Seljehaugen, approx. 85 cm deep and approx. 100 m from shore.

Location:
Sylte (gnr. 25/2), Vanylven, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
Axes of the Mälar type and the Norwegian variant are dated to the Younger Bronze Age period 4-5.

 

Socketed axe B7001

Photo: Svein Skare © Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Socketed axe. Most of the socket and the loop are missing, broken off by the finder. The edge was resharpened and the axe hafted and used as a scraper. The axe has parallel sides, slightly waisted, and convex edge. The blade has a hexagonal cross-section. The corners of the edge may have curved up or outwards, as it looks like they have been filed off. The facet is trapezoid and looks like it started at the rib at or beneath the mouth of the socket. Part of a transverse rib can be discerned. The axe has no internal haft support. The surface is rough, mostly golden with some darker brown areas. The shape is similar to Baudou’s type VII C 1 a and Montelius Minnen fig. 1175. Length: c. 7 cm. Width: c. 4.1 cm across edge.

Context:
Found in a bog, no other information.

Location:
Strand, Fiskå (gnr. 8), Vanylven, County: Møre & Romsdal

Date:
The size should indicate a date to the Late Bronze Age, while the outline with parallel sides is reminiscent of Period 3 axes. A date to the Younger Bronze Age period 4 is probable.

Dagger and hilt B6082

A small riveted dagger, with two rivet holes, and the remains of an organic hilt. The blade is uneven and has been resharpened considerably in prehistory. There is no midrib or decoration. There are some notches along the blade and the point is slightly bent. Part of the hilt is preserved: a small horn shaped into a handle. According to the original catalogue, it is a goat’s horn. It is black and fragmented, partly damaged by the spade when it was found. A small cylindrical piece of what looks like bone or horn was also handed in by the finder, who seemed to think that it could have been a rivet. It measures 0.4 cm and is certainly small enough that it could have been used as a rivet. Brown patina with some golden patches. Length: 8.5 cm, the remains of the hilt c. 6.5 cm. Width: 1.5 cm (widest section of the blade)

Context:
Found in a bog while digging a ditch, about 1.2 m deep, close to the doctor’s house. The bog was surrounded by rock outcrops.

Location:
Eggesbøen (gnr, 38/1), Herøy, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
Older bronce Age Periode 2-3.

 

Spearhead B5425

Complete spearhead. It is broken in two and the break is glued. The leaves are broad; the base is wider at the mouth than where it meets the blade. There are two small rivet holes on either side of the plinth; there is a ring around each hole, which is no more than a vague outline due to corrosion. The base has a round cross-section. The surface is uneven; the patina is golden brown. The spearhead has been reground by the finder on the tip, the top of the base on both sides and on the edges of the blades. Length: 17.2 cm Width: approx. 3.3 cm across the widest section. Photo: Svein Skare

Context:
No information.

Location:
Giskeødegård (gnr. 129), Giske, Møre and Romsdal

Date:
Spearheads of this type are generally late, and the point is dated to the Younger Bronze Age period 5-6.

 

Socketed axe B4216

Foto: Svein Skare © Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Small socketed axe without loop. The socket is incomplete due to a casting flaw; there was not enough metal. Two marked ribs can be discerned. The socket has an oval cross-section. The facet starts at the ribs and is triangular. The sides are parallel and are slightly wider near the edge, which is convex and curves up on either side. There is no internal haft support. The axe has a brown patina which has been more or less completely removed in modern times. Similar to Baudou’s type VII C 2 b, although the sides are straighter.. Length: 7.1 cm. Width: 3.9 cm across edge.

Context:
Found in a bog, no other information.

Location:
Kvamsøy, farm unknown (Simones according to Johansen 1993),  Sande, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
The size of the axe suggests a date from the Late Bronze Age, but the shape points to the Early Bronze Age. The similarity to Baudou’s type VII C 2b suggests a period 5 date, although the lack of internal shaft support dates the ax to Younger Bronze Age period 4.

Awl B1012

Complete awl. The tang is flat and square; the other end is round and sharp. Dark green patina, mostly intact, although there are golden areas on one side. It is depicted in Rygh (1999) as R119. Length: 13.6 cm Width: 0.2-0.8 cm. Photo: Svein Skare

Context:
Found in 1832, under a large flat stone in a field.

Location:
Døvingen (gnr. 26), Norddal, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
Awls are found throughout the Bronze Age; the awl is dated to the Early Bronze Age period 2-3.

Palstave B1005

Foto: Svein Skare © Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Palstave with high ribs. The blade has a Y-shaped decoration consisting of long and deep grooves on each side. The edge looks like it has been hammered or bent during use; the patina is gone here and looks like it has been removed in modern times. The neck is somewhat irregular and wide. Dark green patina, most of which has dissolved. There are some golden spots. Length: 14.2 cm Width: 3.4 cm above the edge.

Context:
The axe was found on the farm a number of years before it was acquired by the museum, no other information.

Location:
Otterøy, Aukra, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
Palestaves are dated to the Early Bronze Age period 2.

Spearhead B5425

Spearhead, B5425. Complete spearhead. It was broken in two and the break is glued. The blades are wide; the socket is wider at the mouth than where it meets the blades. There are two small rivet holes on either side of the socket; there is a ring around each hole, a ring is no more than a vague outline due to corrosion. The socket has a round cross-section. The surface is rough; the patina is golden brown. The spearhead has been resharpened by the finder: the point, the top of the socket on both sides, the edges of the blades. Length: 17.2 cm. Width: approx. 3.3 cm across widest section. Photo: Svein Skare © University Museum in Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Context:
No information.

Location:
Giskeødegård (gnr. 129), Giske, Møre and Romsdal

Date:
Spearheads of this type are generally late, and B05425 is dated to the Younger Bronze Age period 5-6.

Axe (Fårdrup type) B5921

Photo: Svein Skare © Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Shaft hole axe of the Fårdrup type, B5921. Massive four-sided shaft hole axe. The edge of the blade is convex and blunt, but it is said that it was sharp when it was found but that the edge was dulled after the children on the farm had played with the axe. The neck is convex. One short side is uneven and there are bubbles in the metal on all sides. The shaft hole is large, approx. 3.1 cm in diameter. The metal around the shaft hole is very thin, and the top of the shaft hole is incomplete. This is due to a casting failure; there was not enough metal to fill the mould. There was a fine layer of sand in the holes in the metal when the axe was found, possibly from the mold. The axe had never been used before it was deposited. It has a dark green patina, with some corrosion. Fårdrup type. Length: 16.4 cm. Width: c. 3.8 cm. Weight: 963.4 g.

Context:
The axe was found while digging the foundations of a barn, approx. 1900. The farmer had removed the topsoil and reached the underground, and the hole was left uncovered for a while, so that rain filled the hole. The farmer’s children played and dug in the hole and found the axe. As there was water in the hole, the exact depth could not be determined, although the farmer thought the axe must have been about 1 m deep.

Location:
Kvanngardsnes (gnr. 151/2), Volda, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
Axes of the Fårdrup type are dated to the Older Bronze Age period 1b.

 

Moulds for two swords B8757

Foto: Svein Skare © Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Two pieces of soapstone mould for two different swords (B8757). The forms are relatively whole but in parts: one is  glued together from four parts, the other from two parts. There is crushing damage at the breaks, but the blades of the swords can be reconstructed. Both swords have tangs, one is shorter than the other but has a longer tang. The forms measure L 59.6 cm x W 2.8 cm D 2.8 cm and L 47.5 cm x W 6.9 cm D 2.8 cm. The longest sword has measured L 56.5 cm W 4.8 cm. The other has measured L 50.2 cm W 4.5 cm.

Context:
Found around 1920 during fresh clearance at a depth of approx. 30 cm, almost on bedrock and close to a large rock. The place is 20-30 m from the farmhouse at Slottsvik.

Location:
Slottsvik (151/7), Ålesund, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
The swords are similar to those dated to the Younger Bronze Age period 4 and the forms are therefore dated as such.

Fibula B3678

Fragmented fibula with spiral (B3678). Only a small fragment of the spiral’s upper part and the pin are preserved today, but the arch was apparently present when the fibula was found. The needle has a dark green patina with some golden spots and some corrosion, while the coil and fragment are corroded. Length: 7.4 cm Width: 1.2 cm (spiral) Photo: Svein Skare © University Museum in Bergen, CC BY-SA 4.0

Context:
Found in a small cist in a cairn. The cist contained burnt bones and the fibula. According to Per Fett (1951), it is possible that the find was made on another farm, Hatlebrekke (no. 57) and that due to a misunderstanding it was attributed to Ristesund; but the find definitely came from a burial, which was not professionally excavated.

Location:
Ristesund (gnr. 61), Sande, Møre & Romsdal

Date:
Fibulae of this type are generally dated to Early Bronze Age period 2 or 3. As the pin head is not preserved, a more precise dating cannot be given.